The breathing rate is 10 breaths per minute in the first minute, shown by there being 10 ‘spikes’.Tidal volume and respiratory rate set the minute ventilation.The following steps will help you work out breathing rate, tidal volume, vital capacity and oxygen consumption from a spirometer trace/spirograph: * A motion sensor can be used instead of a rotating drum – this uses the movements to create electrical signals, picked up by a kymograph. As the subject breathes in/out, the chamber side moves up/down, which are recorded on the rotating drum, creating the spirometer tracing. Take one forced breath then breathe normally for a maximum of 5 minutes.Start the kymograph and turn the tap in order to attach the tube to the spirometer. Subject applies nose clip and breathes into the tube (practice first!).By turning the tap, make sure the tube is not attached to the spirometer. Disinfect the mouthpiece and attach it to the tube.Fill the spirometer with medical grade oxygen.Set the speed the drum turns to 1 mm per second using the switch to find the horizontal scale.Start the kymograph (records the tracing) and force a known amount of air into the empty chamber to find the vertical scale.The total volume of gas decreases in the chamber over time due to the air that is being breathed out being a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Nose clip – by wearing a nose clip, it ensures all breathing happens through the mouth, where it can be better recorded.Soda lime – the chamber also has soda lime inside in order to absorb the exhaled carbon dioxide, meaning when the lid moves, it is due to the gas volume changes produced by the oxygen inhaled/exhaled by the person breathing.Moveable lid – the chamber has a moveable lid in order to adjust along with the changes of the volume of gas inside.Oxygen-filled chamber – a spirometer has an oxygen-filled chamber which is connected to tubes and suspended in a tank of water.This means there is an increase in the amount of air exchanged and an increase in PVR.Ī spirometer can give information on the following: Spirometry can help in the diagnosis of diseases such as asthma.īreathing rate increases during exercise or physical activity. Spirometry is a powerful diagnostic tool for measuring normal activities of the lungs and for diagnosing potential problems. Spirometry is often used in diagnosis.Changes in the amount of air exchanged can happen normally due to physical activity, or abnormally due to various diseases. Spirometry measures the volume of air that is exchanged between the lungs and the atmosphere. The efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs can be measured through a process known as spirometry. We can use spirometry to measure lung function and investigate breathing.Important terms to understand are shown in the table below:Ī-level Biology – Pulmonary Ventilation Rateīelow is graph showing the amount of gas in the lungs during a normal breath:Ī-level Biology – Pulmonary Ventilation Rate Spirometry Spirometry The average tidal volume of a healthy young adult is around 0.5 litres (500ml). Tidal volume is the volume of air in a normal breath. Pulmonary Ventilation Rate (A-level Biology) Pulmonary Ventilation Rate Physiology of a Normal Lung Tidal Volume and Ventilation Terms Chemistry Teacher Resource Edexcel | AQA | OCR.Biology Teacher Resource Edexcel | AQA | OCR | CIE.A-Level Physics Weekly Classes Edexcel | AQA | OCR | CIE.A-Level Biology Weekly Classes Edexcel | AQA | OCR | CIE.A-Level Chemistry Weekly Classes Edexcel | AQA | OCR | CIE.A-Level Chemistry Online Course Edexcel | AQA | OCR | CIE.
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